Creating a NFT

Clarity makes creating NFTs incredibly easy. With built-in functions for creating and working with the token, you can have an NFT created in less than 10 minutes of work.

Let's see how.

:::tip For a more in-depth discussion of NFTs in Clarity and how to create them, check out the NFTs chapter in the Clarity book. :::

Trait

The first thing we need when we create an NFT is a trait. A trait is an interface that allows us to create an NFT with a defined set of functions. Its primary purpose is to ensure that NFTs are composable and different tools know how to interact with them.

By implementing a trait that the community agrees on, all protocols and products know how they can interact with an NFT.

The official mainnet trait can be found on the Stacks Explorer and looks like this:

(define-trait nft-trait
  (
    ;; Last token ID, limited to uint range
    (get-last-token-id () (response uint uint))

    ;; URI for metadata associated with the token
    (get-token-uri (uint) (response (optional (string-ascii 256)) uint))

     ;; Owner of a given token identifier
    (get-owner (uint) (response (optional principal) uint))

    ;; Transfer from the sender to a new principal
    (transfer (uint principal principal) (response bool uint))
  )
)

All we are doing here is defining the function signatures for functions we'll need to implement in out Clarity contract, which we can see a simple version of below.

Clarity Code

This is the Clarity code we need in order to create an NFT, with one additional function, mint that allows us to actually create a new NFT. This mint function is not needed to adhere to the trait.

(impl-trait 'SP2PABAF9FTAJYNFZH93XENAJ8FVY99RRM50D2JG9.nft-trait.nft-trait)

(define-non-fungible-token amazing-aardvarks uint)

(define-data-var last-token-id uint u0)

(define-constant contract-owner tx-sender)
(define-constant err-owner-only (err u100))
(define-constant err-not-token-owner (err u101))

(define-read-only (get-last-token-id)
    (ok (var-get last-token-id))
)

(define-read-only (get-token-uri (token-id uint))
    (ok none)
)

(define-read-only (get-owner (token-id uint))
    (ok (nft-get-owner? amazing-aardvarks token-id))
)

(define-public (transfer (token-id uint) (sender principal) (recipient principal))
    (begin
        (asserts! (is-eq tx-sender sender) err-not-token-owner)
        (nft-transfer? amazing-aardvarks token-id sender recipient)
    )
)

(define-public (mint (recipient principal))
    (let
        (
            (token-id (+ (var-get last-token-id) u1))
        )
        (asserts! (is-eq tx-sender contract-owner) err-owner-only)
        (try! (nft-mint? amazing-aardvarks token-id recipient))
        (var-set last-token-id token-id)
        (ok token-id)
    )
)